HistoricalSites, Kavala

The Holy Trinity Church and especially its tall belfry have become a symbol of Bansko as one of the most attractive mountain resorts, successfully combining the charm of its rich historical past and its picturesque location at the foot of the mighty Pirin Mountain with the most modern facilities for recreation – a wide choice of reputable hotels for all tastes and budgets, one of the best ski zone in South-East Europe. The Church dedicated to the Holy Trinity was built in the period of the Bulgarian National Revival. Its inauguration was made in 1835. The architectural plan of the church is a three-nave basilica or more exactly a pseudo-basilica with 44 m length, 22 m width and 12 m height. The walls are 1.1 m thick and entirely constructed of local ashlar, welded together by mortar. Large wooden beams of centuries old white fir (typical for the region) are used in the foundation and for leveling the walls. Part of the church is sunken under the ground level in order to look smaller from the outside and Turks can not get an idea about its real size. The altar piece is set within a skillfully constructed and decorated apse in the form of the half of a 18-angle prism with a remarkable stone cornice on the exterior. The roof is hold in the interior of the church by 12 massive wooden columns of white fir, symbolizing the 12 apostles. http://bansko-guide.com/attraction/holy-trinity-church/

Thessaloniki, a city that whispers tales of ancient Greece, is home to a historical site that stands at its heart. This site, rich with ancient significance, forms a central part of the city's cultural landscape. As you stroll through Thessaloniki, you're not just walking on cobblestones; you're treading on history itself. The aroma of freshly brewed Greek coffee fills the air, mixing with the sounds of lively street vendors and the chatter of locals. It's a place where the past and present blend seamlessly, offering an experience that is both enlightening and invigorating. Whether you're a history buff or just someone who appreciates the beauty of timeworn architecture, Thessaloniki promises a journey through time that is both educational and unforgettable.

Nestled on the southern slope of the Three Hills in Plovdiv, the Ancient Theatre of Philippopolis stands as one of the world's best-preserved ancient theatres. Situated between Taksim and Dzhambaz Tepe, this remarkable relic was unearthed by Plovdiv archaeologists and meticulously restored in the early 1980s. It's a treasure from the Roman era, with a recently deciphered inscription revealing its construction in the 90s of the first century A.D., during the reign of Titus Flavius Cotis. Cotis, a descendant of a Thracian royal dynasty, was a high priest of the Thracian province and played a key role in the theatre's creation. Today, the Ancient Theatre is a cultural icon for Plovdiv, seamlessly woven into the city's vibrant cultural scene. It serves as a dynamic venue for opera, music, and drama, hosting some of the best annual events. Highlights include the International Folklore Festival, the "Opera Open" Festival, and the "Sounds of Ages" Rock Festival. This venue is not just a remnant of the past; it's a living part of Plovdiv's present. Imagine sitting under the open sky, surrounded by ancient stone, as the sounds of a live performance echo through the tiers. The theatre's acoustics are phenomenal, a testament to the engineering prowess of its creators. Whether you're a history buff, a music lover, or someone who appreciates a unique experience, this theatre offers a fascinating glimpse into both ancient and contemporary culture.

The Stadium of Philippopolis, a marvel of ancient architecture, was constructed in the early 2nd century AD during the reign of Emperor Hadrian. Nestled in the northern part of the fortified city of Plovdiv, Bulgaria, it rests between the natural landscapes of Taksim Tepe and Sahat Tepe, surrounded by historic defense walls. Stretching approximately 240 meters in length and 50 meters in width, this grand stadium once accommodated up to 30,000 spectators. The stadium hosted games reminiscent of the Pythian Games of Greece, as indicated by epigraphic and numismatic evidence. When Roman Emperor Caracalla visited in 214 AD, the games were named the Alexandrian Games in his honor. Similarly, the games were called the Kedrisian Games during Emperor Elagabalus's visit in 218 AD. Visitors today can explore the underground levels of this ancient marvel. The area open to the public includes parts of the track and the semi-circular seating area, known as the sfendona, alongside a panoramic wall that offers a hypothetical reconstruction of the facility's missing sections. It's fascinating to see elements of the Stadium identified along Plovdiv's main street, seamlessly blending the ancient with the modern. Plovdiv itself is a city teeming with history and charm. Known as one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Europe, its vibrant streets offer a delightful mix of ancient ruins and contemporary culture. Whether you're a history buff or just someone looking to soak up the atmosphere, the Stadium of Philippopolis is a must-see on your journey through time in this captivating city.

On the territory to the East and Northeast of the Forum (Agora) of Philippopolis in the years of Early Christianity were formed neighborhoods where several Christian churches were built. In the same area were found also the ruins of a synagogue - a unique building from that period. The ruins of the Small Early Christian basilica were found during the construction works of "Maria Louisa" Blvd. The Small basilica is situated in the eastern outskirts of the Ancient city, next to the fortification wall with a tower from 2nd - 4th century AD. The basilica has a central nave, flanked by two aisles. It is with one apse and with a narthex. A small chapel was built to the South and a baptistery is erected just next to the Northern aisle. The overall length of the basilica, including the apse, is 20 meters, and the width is 13 meters. The basilica was built in the second half of 5th century AD with rich architectural decorations – marble colonnades separating the aisles, marble altar wall, pulpit and synthronos. The floors were covered with rich multicolour mosaic with geometrical motifs. The mosaic includes a panel with donor inscription. Remnants of an altar table were found. http://www.visitplovdiv.com/en/node/675

Ancient Plovdiv Architectural and Historical Reserve (The Old Town) is located in the Central part of the city of Plovdiv on the Three Hills (Nebet Tepe, Taksim Tepe and Dzhambaz Tepe) and covers an area of about 35 ha. It was formed due to the continuous life over the centuries – from Prehistoric, Thracian, Hellenic, Roman, Late-ancient, Medieval, National Revival, and Post-Liberation periods to present days. The combination of the prevailing Antiquity, Middle Ages and Revival in an independent core within the modern city is one of a kind for our country. From the Roman and the Late-ancient period in the Old Town have been best preserved the Ancient Theatre, the Ancient Forum, the Roman Stadium, Early Christian basilicas, public and private buildings, pipelines, street network and parts of the fortress walls, constructed in the Antiquity and the Middle Ages. From the National Revival period the authentic architecture of houses as well as several churches and school buildings have been preserved. The residential buildings are divided into two main groups. The first group of houses corresponds to the mountain asymmetrical type, but it has been expanded and enriched for the needs of the urban life. The second group is the so-called “Plovdiv symmetrical urban house”. This group of buildings is characterized by a unique national interpretation of the European baroque. http://www.visitplovdiv.com/en/node/676

It is interesting to know when and where was the ancient town of Plovdiv founded. What is the place where the people settled and remained to live there for 8 millennia? This place is the hill known today as Nebet tepe situated on the hilltop plateau in the northern part of the three hills (Trimontium). The earliest settlements on the territory of the city are dated back to the 6th millennium BC. There were several prehistoric settlements on this territory, but the oldest and most important one was located on hill known as Nebet tepe. Initially the village was situated in a naturally sheltered and consolidated place on the front side of the northern hill. It gradually expanded towards the other hills to become the most significant Thracian city on the territory of Bulgaria. At that time the lands of today's Plovdiv were inhabited by the Thracian tribe Bessi. The scientists are still not sure if the name of the city at that time was Eumolpia or Pulpudeva. The complex of Nebet tepe continued to play an important role as an element of the fortification system of the city until the 14th century, with lots of improvements and supplements during the Antiquity and the Middle Ages. A notable finding of that later period is a reservoir of 350 cubic meters. http://www.visitplovdiv.com/en/node/521

Nestled in the heart of Greece, the ancient city of Aiane was once the jewel of the kingdom of Elimeia. Archaeological discoveries have revealed that it was home to a sophisticated civilization, comparable to the renowned Mycenaeans. Imagine walking among ruins where history whispers stories of a once-thriving society. The city offers a fascinating glimpse into ancient life with its well-preserved artifacts and structures. From intricately designed pottery to remnants of grand architecture, each piece tells a story of ingenuity and culture. Aiane isn't just a destination; it's a journey through time that leaves you with a deeper appreciation for the rich tapestry of human history. For those with a thirst for history, Aiane’s museum offers an impressive collection of artifacts that further illustrate the city’s storied past. Whether you're a history enthusiast or simply curious, Aiane promises an unforgettable experience that bridges the past with the present.

You will absolutely fall in love with the Byzantine churches and the stunning mansions, which are quintessential examples of Macedonian architecture. Picture yourself wandering through narrow cobblestone streets, where every corner reveals a new story from the past. The intricate designs on the church facades are like stepping into a living museum, and the mansions boast a charm that transports you back in time. It's not just the architecture that captivates; the surrounding landscape of tranquil lakes and lush hills adds a serene backdrop to your cultural exploration.

The Skopje Fortress commonly referred to as Kale Fortress, or simply Kale (from kale, the Turkish word for 'fortress'), is a historic fortress located in Skopje, the capital of the Republic of Macedonia. It is situated on the highest point in the city overlooking the Vardar River. The fortress is depicted on the coat of arms of Skopje, which in turn is incorporated in the city's flag. The first fortress, according to research and available data, is believed to have been built amidst the 6th century A.D., on land that had been inhabited during the Neolithic and Bronze ages or roughly 4000 B.C. It was constructed with yellow limestone and travertine and along with fragments of Latin inscriptions, asserts the idea that the fortress originated from the Roman city of Skupi, which was completely destroyed by an earthquake in 518. The fortress is thought to have been reconstructed during the rule of emperor Justinian I and constructed further during the 10th and 11th centuries over the remains of emperor Justinian's Byzantine fortress which may have been destroyed due to a number of wars and battles in the region, such as that of the uprising of the Bulgarian Empire against the Byzantine Empire under the rule of Peter Delyan. Not much is known about the Medieval fortress apart from a few documents which outline minor characteristics in the fortress' appearance. http://www.exploringmacedonia.com/fortress-kale.nspx

The builders of Ohrid’s ancient theater have estimated very precisely where to put the building - in the center of the elevated old town. The open theater holds a perfect location, as the two hills (Gorni Saraj and Deboj) keep it protected from winds that could interfere with acoustics during performances. The Ancient theatre of Ohrid of the Hellenistic period was built in 200 BC and is the only Hellenistic-type theatre in the country as the other three in Scupi, Stobi and Heraclea Lyncestis are from Roman times. It is unclear how many people the original theatre used to seat, as only the lower section still exists. During Roman times, the theater was also used for gladiator fights. However, since the theater was also a site of executions of Christians by the Romans, it rapidly turned to a highly disliked site by the locals. In fact, as a result of this dislike, the theatre was abandoned and buried by the locals after the demise of the Roman Empire. Discovered accidentally and later excavated completely, this 4, 000 square meter monument to antique Greco-Roman culture is being used today during the annual Ohrid Summer Festival for performances of ancient tragedies and comedies. The Theatre offers a wonderful view of Lake Ohrid and Mt. Galichica to the southeast. http://www.exploringmacedonia.com/ancient-theater.nspx

The place brings together the rich history, and attracts its visitors with many different possibilities for relaxation and entertainment. The archaeological values found on that place such as the fortress walls of the ancient city of Terme (Thermopolis), the Roman baths of the 1st century AD with a warm and cold swimming pool, and various medieval rooms are accessible to tourists through the modern footbridges that facilitate their passage and viewing. The complex allows citizens and guests of Burgas to visit the fully renovated bathroom of Suleiman the Magnificent. Upon restoration, the original vision is strictly adhered, lined with marble and typical oriental ceramics. The authenticity is complemented by natural and artistic lightning that performs the act of a functioning museum where visitors can watch a movie based on 3D mapping. It leads the tourists to a virtual walk from the Thracian times and the Sacred Spring of the Three nymphs-healers through the Roman period, the Crusades – until the time of Suleiman the Magnificent. https://www.gotoburgas.com/en/places-to-go/view/496

From the first glance, the Castle is made in the style of the classic Western European castles combining various styles from the Renaissance and Romantic periods – but this comes not to be true! The style of the Castle is one and only – the unique Fairy style. This is the secret of its magic impact – the dream that came true to make a castle existing only in fairy-tales. https://www.gotoburgas.com/en/places-to-go/view/507

The grand castle of Ioannina, constructed in 528 AD by Emperor Justinian, stands as a testament to the power and ambition of the Byzantine Empire. It's the oldest Byzantine fortress in Greece, shaping the history of the town that flourished around its sturdy walls. As you walk through its ancient corridors, you can almost feel the echoes of the past whispering tales of emperors and empires. Ioannina itself is a charming blend of old-world charm and modern life, offering a unique peek into Greece's rich history and culture. Don't miss the chance to explore the town's lively markets and cozy cafes, where you can enjoy a taste of local life and perhaps indulge in a delicious Greek pastry or two.

The Kovadareios Library isn't just a place filled with dusty old books; it's a treasure trove of history and culture, capturing the essence of a nation that's both brand new and ancient. As you wander through its aisles, you're not just looking at rare volumes and valuable codices; you're stepping into the past. Here, you'll find one of the only two surviving copies of the ‘Carta’ (Charter) of Rigas Feraios, a key figure in the birth of modern Greece. This document alone is a window into the dreams and aspirations of a nation that has shaped so much of the world around us. While you're there, take a moment to appreciate the library's architecture. It reflects an elegant blend of modern design and classic Greek elements, creating a serene environment perfect for getting lost in a good book. Whether you're a history buff or just curious about the world, this library is a must-see. Plus, it's a great spot to snap some photos for your travel journal or Instagram feed!

Syntagma Square is the most famous in Athens if not all of Greece. No matter where you have to go in Athens, if you can find Syntagma Square you can find your way there. Syntagma Square is back and better than ever. Well maybe not better than ever. It was probably at it's best in the early 1900's when there were not cars and buses whizzing around it and it was shaded by large trees. But with the re-routing of the traffic, the opening of the new metro and the removal of the wooden billboard covered walls that for at least an entire year, hid the construction site that was once Athens most popular platia, Syntagma looks better than it has in many years. At the top of the square are two stairways and an elevator leading to the Syntagma Metro Station, one of the most beautiful metro stations in the world, with its own museum of artifacts found at the construction site. https://www.athensguide.com/syntagma.html

The Sacred Rock of the Acropolis, often called "the province of the Gods," remains untouched by human habitation. This iconic site is a stunning collection of public monuments from the 5th century BC, offering a one-of-a-kind glimpse into ancient Greek civilization. As you wander through this historical wonder, it's easy to imagine the grandeur of the past, with each structure whispering stories of its former glory. Perched high above Athens, the Acropolis provides not just a peek into history, but also breathtaking views of the city below. The Parthenon, standing majestically at the heart of the Acropolis, is a must-see marvel of ancient architecture. As you explore, be sure to notice the intricate details and craftsmanship, a testament to the skill and artistry of ancient Greek builders. The Acropolis Museum, located nearby, offers an engaging experience with its impressive collection of artifacts. It provides a deeper understanding of the site's history and significance. Visiting both the Acropolis and its museum gives a fuller picture of this ancient wonder, making it a truly enriching experience.

The “core” of the historic centre is the Plaka neighborhood (at the eastern side of the Acropolis), which has been inhabited without interruption since antiquity. When you walk through the narrow labyrinthine streets lined with houses and mansions from the time of the Turkish occupation and the Neoclassical period (19th c.), you will have the impression of travelling with a “time machine” http://www.visitgreece.gr/en/main_cities/tour_in_the_historic_center_of_athens

One of the legendary sites that sits beneath the slopes of the Acropolis on the southwest side, is the stunning open-air theatre, Odeon of Herodes Atticus. In ancient times, Odeons were built for musical contests and this ancient stone theatre has gone on to host some of the world’s best musical performances during the last 60 years since its modern day re-opening, including Nana Mouskouri, Luciano Pavarotti and Frank Sinatra to name a few. Widely known by locals as simply “Herodeon”, it was built between 160AD – 174AD by the wealthy benefactor of Athens, Herodes Atticus as an ode to his late wife Rigilla. It was the third Odeon to be built in Athens and was distinctively Roman in contrast to the nearby Theatre of Dionysos. With its Roman arches and three story stage building, it was originally partly covered with a wood and tiled roof. The circular orchestra has now become a semi-circle, paved with black and white marble. With 35 rows, the marble auditorium extends slightly beyond a semi-circle with a diameter of 80 metres and today seats 4680 people. https://whyathens.com/odeon-of-herodes-atticus/

Panathenaic Stadium, also known as "The Callimarmaron", a classical Greek monument, a venue designed and used for noble competition and fair play of mind and body, lies between the neighborhoods of Mets and Pangrati. Originally a natural hollow part of the ground between the hills of Agra and Ardettos, over Ilissos River, the place has been turned into a stadium by orator Lykourgos, during the 4th century, for the competitions of the Great Panathinaea festivities, games with nude athletes. The Panathinaea games honored, once more, the protector of the city, goddess Athena. http://www.thisisathens.org/explore/venues-attractions/12-attractions/panathenaic-stadium/

In the heart of modern Athens, its streets pulsating with traffic, stands an enormous open space bordered by trees and shrubs – the Olympieion – a tranquil archaeological park where earth and sky seem to meet, linked by massive marble columns stretching upward, marking the temple of Olympian Zeus. Once inside the entrance of this age-old sanctuary, visitors are treated to a taste of nature, an extraordinary ancient ruin on a super-human scale and one of the area’s most inspiring views of the temple-topped Acropolis. Like the Acropolis, the temple of Olympian Zeus has been a distinctive Athenian landmark since time immemorial. Begun about 520 BC by the tyrant Peisistratus and his sons, it was left unfinished at the end of their rule until the 2nd century BC, when further construction was briefly undertaken (174 – 164 BC) by one of Athens’ Hellenistic benefactors, the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Abandoned once again following Antiochus’ death, it was ultimately finished by the Roman emperor Hadrian and dedicated in AD 132. Hadrian, an ardent Hellenophile much respected by the people of the Greek East, gave Athens not only the completed Olympieion, but also other temples in the area; a new public forum on the north side of the Acropolis that contained a library and lecture halls; and an urban water system fed by an aqueduct from Mount Penteli that continued to supply the city until the 1930s. https://whyathens.com/temple-of-olympian-zeus/

Built in the same time as Parthenon, the Doric Temple of Poseidon is situated on the edge of the magnificent Cape Sounio, 70km south from Athens. 16 remaining slender columns of Doric order reveal that Greeks, indeed, knew where to "place" their temples. On the coast of Attica, Cape Sounio is a jewel overlooking the Aegean Sea. Once upon a time, the Temple of Poseidon used to serve as a sacrifice point, since the sailors tried to appease God of the Sea, Poseidon, before entering the Aegean Sea. The distinctive cape crowned with the imposing Temple of Poseidon offers impressive views of the Saronic Gulf and the Aegean Sea with the Greek islands. http://www.thisisathens.org/explore/venues-attractions/12-attractions/temple-of-poseidon/

Picture this: the aftermath of a monumental battle that reshaped the ancient world. We're talking about the fall of the last Hellenistic kingdom, the Ptolemies of Egypt, and the dawn of the Roman Age under the singular rule of Octavian Augustus. To commemorate his stunning victory, Octavian established Nicopolis, the City of Victory, at the southernmost tip of Epirus. He didn't just pick an empty plot of land; he moved people from around twenty cities in Etolia, Acarnania, and Epirus and even brought in fresh faces from Italy to settle there. Nicopolis wasn't just another city; it was a "free city" with special perks like tax breaks and exceptional privileges. These advantages quickly transformed it into a bustling metropolis. Its strategic location, with harbors like Komaros and Vathy, connected Epirus to Acarnania, and Greece to Italy. The city became a lively hub, especially with the revival of the Aktia Games. These games, on par with the Olympics, featured gymnastics, music competitions, and thrilling horse races every four years. The historian Strabo noted, "Nicopolis is populous, and its numbers are increasing daily." But Nicopolis wasn't just a flash in the pan. It thrived well into Byzantine times, leaving a lasting legacy. The city is a treasure trove for history buffs and those intrigued by ancient culture. Today, exploring its ruins offers a fascinating glimpse into a world where cultures collided and history was made. Whether you're a history enthusiast or just curious about ancient civilizations, Nicopolis promises a journey through time you won't soon forget.

Nestled in the heart of Craiova, Dolj County, the Cosuna – Bucovatu Vechi Monastery stands as a remarkable testament to history and spiritual devotion. As the oldest religious site in Craiova, its origins date back to 1483. The monastery's church, a significant part of its charm, was constructed between 1506 and 1512, while the current church structure was completed in 1572 by the Boyar Stephan and his son. Wandering through the serene grounds, you'll feel a sense of tranquility that only centuries-old sacred sites can offer. The architecture is a captivating blend of history and artistry, showcasing intricate details that tell stories of a bygone era. The monastery is not just a feast for the eyes; it's a place where you can reflect and connect with the past. If you're visiting Craiova, the Cosuna – Bucovatu Vechi Monastery is a must-see. It's a place where history and spirituality beautifully intertwine, offering a unique glimpse into the region's rich cultural tapestry. Make sure to take your time exploring the area; you might even find a quiet spot to sit and soak in the peaceful atmosphere.

Nestled in the heart of Craiova, the Art Museum calls the grand Jean Mihail Palace its home, a stunning architectural gem from the late 19th century. As you step inside, you're immediately transported to a world where history and creativity unite under one roof. The palace itself is a masterpiece, with intricate details and opulent decor that echo the elegance of a bygone era. The museum boasts an impressive collection of Romanian art, ranging from traditional works to contemporary pieces that reflect the country's evolving cultural landscape. As you wander through the galleries, you'll find yourself captivated by the stories each artwork tells, offering a fascinating glimpse into Romania's artistic heritage. Beyond the art, the palace's lush gardens provide a serene escape, perfect for a leisurely stroll or a quiet moment of reflection. Whether you're an art enthusiast or simply curious about Romanian culture, the Art Museum of Craiova is a must-visit destination that promises to leave a lasting impression.

One of the magnificent ancient buildings of İstanbul is the Basilica Cistern located in the southwest of Hagia Sofia. Constructed for Justinianus I, the Byzantium Emperor (527-565), this big underground water reservoir is called as “Yerebatan Cistern” among the public because of the underground marble columns. As there used to be a basilica in the place of the cistern, it is also called Basilica Cistern. The cistern is a giant structure covering a rectangular area of ​​140 meters in length and 70 meters in width. Covering a total area of ​​9,800 m2, this cistern has a storage capacity of approximately 100,000 tons of water. There are 336 columns, each 9 meters high, inside this cistern, which is descended by a 52-step stone staircase. These columns, erected at intervals of 4.80 meters, form 12 rows of 28 columns each. Most of the columns, which are understood to have been collected from older structures, were carved from various types of marble and consisted of one piece and two pieces. The walls of the cistern, 4.80 meters thick, made of bricks and the brick-paved floor, were plastered with a thick layer of Horasan mortar and made water impermeable. http://yerebatan.com/

The Pyramid in Tirana is a must-see for anyone exploring the city. This intriguing structure stands as a testament to Albania's complex history, representing the era of communism in a way that no other monument does. Despite efforts by past governments to demolish it, the building remains untouched and unrestored, a powerful reminder of Tirana's mixed and often contradictory past. Originally opened on October 14, 1988, the Pyramid was built as the mausoleum for the dictator Enver Hoxha. Its unique design, a collaboration between several architects including Hoxha's own daughter and son-in-law, started in 1986 and was completed two years later. The Pyramid served its original purpose until 1991, after which it transformed into a venue for conferences and fairs. Today, it stands as a fascinating piece of architecture, drawing visitors with its unusual shape and storied past. While it may no longer house exhibitions or events, the Pyramid continues to captivate with its bold presence and historical significance. As you stroll around, take a moment to reflect on the layers of history embedded in its walls. Don't forget to explore the surrounding area, which offers a glimpse into the vibrant culture and dynamic life of Tirana.

Nestled in the heart of Agia Kyriaki Square, the Municipal Library of Mykonos is a gem waiting to be discovered. Housed in a stunning old mansion once owned by the Mavrogenis family, this 1735 building whispers tales of a bygone era. Step inside, and you'll find yourself surrounded by nearly 6,000 volumes spanning literature, history, and more. Most of these treasures are in Greek, but the atmosphere alone is enough to captivate any visitor. As you wander through, you'll also encounter fascinating photographs, Cycladic coins, and ancient seals that paint a vivid picture of the island's rich heritage. The library's impressive collection owes much to Ioannis Meletopoulos, a Mykonian historian who generously donated books from his personal library. Other islanders followed suit, contributing not only books but also black and white sketches capturing iconic landmarks of Mykonos. Though the library no longer operates in the traditional sense, it stands as a proud symbol of the island's vibrant history. Today, parts of this historic building have been lovingly renovated and transformed into museums, with the Bonis Windmill being a standout attraction. Each exhibit offers a unique glimpse into the lives of Mykonians from centuries past. A visit to this charming library is a journey through time, one that promises to enrich your understanding of Mykonos and leave you with lasting memories. So, if you find yourself wandering the cobblestone streets of Mykonos, make sure to carve out some time to explore this treasure trove of history.

Nestled on a hill above the charming village of Ano Mera, the Gyzi Castle of Mykonos in the Cyclades whispers tales of its storied past. Dating back to the 13th century, the castle was constructed under the rule of the noble Venetian Gyzi family, who governed the Cyclades during the Medieval era. Its primary purpose was to shield the island from pirates and enemy forces. Today, only remnants of this once-formidable fortress remain, but they are rich with history and intrigue. Wander through the area and you'll stumble upon the ruins of the ancient city of Mykonos. Here, echoes of the past linger in the remnants of a prehistoric marketplace, an ancient cemetery, and fragments of an even older wall fortification. Each stone has a story to tell. Nearby, the 18th-century church of the Holy Saviour stands, offering a peaceful respite and a glimpse into the island's spiritual past. The hill where Gyzi Castle rests offers spectacular views of the island's northern side. On a clear day, the panorama is breathtaking, with the azure Aegean Sea stretching to the horizon. It's a spot perfect for soaking in the sun and letting your imagination wander back to the days of knights and noble families. Don't forget to bring your camera to capture the stunning vistas and the sense of timelessness that envelops this magical place.

The ancient city of Ephesus in Turkey is an absolute treasure trove of history. Known as one of the best-preserved ancient cities, it invites you to wander through time itself. Imagine strolling along its timeworn streets, where temples, theatres, libraries, and statues whisper stories of the past. The grand Library of Celsus stands proudly, a testament to the city's rich cultural heritage. Don’t miss the awe-inspiring theatre, the remarkable Temple of Hadrian, and the opulent Temple of Artemis, celebrated as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It's fascinating to think that among these grand structures, you'll also find remnants of everyday life, like public toilets and even a brothel, dating back to the fourth century BC. For those interested in faith tourism, Ephesus holds a special place. The House of the Virgin Mary is a serene spot believed to be where Mary spent her final years, brought there by St. John, living until the ripe old age of 101. The Church of the Virgin Mary, near the ancient harbor, hosted the Third Ecumenical Council in 431. If you're exploring religious sites, the Basilica of St. John and İsa Bey Mosque, showcasing stunning Seljuk architecture, are must-sees. But Ephesus isn't just about ancient ruins. It's alive with culture today, hosting the International İzmir Festival. This event brings music and art to venues like the grand amphitheatre, Celsus Library, and the House of the Virgin Mary, blending past and present in a vibrant celebration. And here's a little tip: visiting during the festival adds a magical layer to your experience. The atmosphere is electric, with performances that echo through these ancient stones, creating a unique and unforgettable vibe. Whether you're a history buff or just someone who loves a good adventure, Ephesus offers something truly special.

According to Greek mythology, the goddess Hera was born on the island of Samos. Today, you can still find the ruins of her ancient temple. Imagine this: only one pillar remains standing, about half its original height, near the island's southern coast. This site, known as the Heraion, has been a sacred place since the Geometrical period and continued to hold significance through the Roman era. It was a grand dipteral Ionic temple, boasting an impressive 115 colossal columns. Samos itself is a stunning island, rich in history and natural beauty. Its lush landscapes and crystal-clear waters make it a paradise for both history buffs and beach lovers. While exploring, don't miss the opportunity to sample the island's famous sweet wine, a delightful treat that adds to the unique charm of this Greek gem.

The Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia was built near the banks of the Evrotas River, near the ancient town of Limnon. It was one of the most significant sanctuaries of the Spartan cult and was associated with the education of young Spartans. Early on, the deity worshipped was referred to as Orthias who was considered the goddess of salvation and fertility, as well as the protector of vegetation. Later on, the cult was linked to that of Artemis and the temple became a center of religious education for young people. During the Imperial Period, it served as the site of bloody spectacles performed in accordance to the customs of the time. The temple was excavated by the British Archaeological School of Athens (1906-1910). We can now distinguish three sections: (1) a great Roman structure (during the Imperial Period, the shrine of Orthias had taken the form of a circular amphitheatre where the temple held the position of the stage), (2) the remains of an altar in the center of the site and (3) a section of the temple to the west. The temple was built with rough stones in the 6th century BC. The presence of the impressive amphitheatre indicates that people gathered there to observe rituals performed in honour of Artemis Orthia. From the numerous inscriptions found at the temple, it seems that the goddess was associated with the education of Spartan children under the age of 13. Below this temple, a smaller, older temple has been discovered which probably dates back to the 9th century BC. https://www.exploresparta.gr/tourism/en/the-sanctuary-of-artemis-orthia/

Findings at this archaeological site were unearthed by the pioneer excavations of the British School of Archaeology starting in 1910. Excavations resumed in the early 1990s, primarily in the areas of the ancient theatre and the merchant stalls. The most significant monuments of this archaeological site include: The Temple of Athena Chalkioikos whose position has been defined by few surviving relics found at the northwest end of the Acropolis. The temple, designed by the architect Vathyklis from Magnesia, had an interior design adorned with copper sheets (dated 6th century BC onwards) to which it owes its name (chalkioikos = copper). From the inscription by Damononos (dated before 430 BC), it seems it was called Temple of Athena Poliouchos (Guardian of the City). Pausanias adds that the temple was left unfinished until Gitiada, a local craftsman, built both the statue of the goddess and completed the temple. The temple also served as a place of refuge for Lycurgus, Pausanias and Agis IV. The ancient theater of Sparta on the south side of the Acropolis is a product of the early Imperial Period. The orchestra, the retaining wall with engraved inscriptions of the rulers of Sparta in Roman times and the concave portion of the large theatre has been preserved. The concave of the theatre was dug into the southwest end of the Acropolis. The retaining wall of the concave is marble and its east side was engraved in the 2nd century AD with various inscriptions. The theatre was used primarily for public gatherings and celebrations. It had no permanent stage. For theatre performances, a wooden, mobile stage equipped with wheels was easily moved into position. Nearly all the findings of the ancient theatre that were discovered by the British School of Archaeology date back to the Roman Era. https://www.exploresparta.gr/tourism/en/the-acropolis-of-sparta/